A leading figure in the Palestinian cause and the fight against imperialism, the Lebanese communist activist Georges Ibrahim Abdallah had been languishing in French prisons for thirty-eight years—a unique case in France. Arrested in Lyon in 1984 with false papers, he was sentenced two years later to four years in prison for possession of weapons and explosives, then in 1987 received a life sentence for complicity in the assassinations in Paris five years earlier of an Israeli Mossad agent and an American military attaché—charges he has always denied. Although he has been eligible for release since 1999, French political authorities, under pressure from the United States and Israel, opposed his release. Interventions by Palestinian figures, his relatives, his lawyer and ex-prisoners from the extreme left, retrace the journey of the village schoolteacher who became an anti-colonial activist.