Biography: Ivo Samkalden (Rotterdam, August 10, 1912 – Amsterdam, May 11, 1995) was a Dutch Indologist, professor of agrarian law, politician, minister, and mayor. From 1956 to 1966, Samkalden was a member of the House of Representatives for the Partij van de Arbeid, a member of the Senate, a minister, and from 1967 to 1977, mayor of the municipality of Amsterdam. He was appointed Minister of State on January 22, 1985.